• With contributions from 90 leading experts at the forefront of the discipline, this reference
• contains recent studies on the role of the skin as a key portal of entry for chemicals into the body
• serves as a detailed reference source for recent advances in the field, as well as an experimental guide for laboratory personnel
• details in vivo and in vitro methods for measuring absorption, dermal decontamination, mechanisms of transdermal delivery, and the relationship of transepidermal water loss to percutaneous absorption
• considers a range of mathematical models, the safety evaluation of cosmetic ingredients, the absorption of hair dyes, nanoparticles for drug delivery, and other novel methods of drug delivery
• discusses topics including skin metabolism, the skin reservoir, and the effects of desquamation on absorption

Updating and expanding the scope of topics covered in the previous edition, this Fourth Edition supplies new chapters on topics currently impacting the field including cutaneous metabolism, skin contamination, exposure to protein allergens, in vitro absorption methodology, the percutaneous absorption of chemical mixtures, the penetration of chemicals through the hair follicles, dermal drug delivery, mechanisms of absorption, nanoparticles and dermal absorption, the absorption of drugs and cosmetic ingredients, nail penetration, and other current research.