Despite increasing interest in Bayesian approaches, especially across the social sciences, it has been virtually impossible to find a text that introduces Bayesian data analysis in a manner accessible to social scientists. The Bayesian paradigm is ideally suited to the type of data analysis they perform, but the associated mathematics can be daunting.Bayesian Methods: A Social and Behavioral Sciences Approach presents the basic principles of Bayesian statistics in a treatment designed specifically for students and practitioners in the social sciences and related fields. Requiring few prerequisites, it first introduces Bayesian statistics and inference with detailed descriptions of setting up a probability model, specifying prior distributions, calculating a posterior distribution, and describing the results. This is followed by explicit guidance on assessing model quality and model fit using various diagnostic techniques and empirical summaries. Finally, it introduces hierarchical models within the Bayesian context, which leads naturally to Markov Chain Monte Carlo computing techniques and other numerical methods.The author emphasizes practical computing issues, includes specific details for Bayesian model building and testing, and uses the freely available R and BUGS software for examples and exercise problems. The result is an eminently practical text that is comprehensive, rigorous, and ideally suited to teaching, self-study, and reference for empirical social scientists.